Human health/disease has many dimensions. Human health/disease is influence by numerous variables; the primary determinants being ecological, cultural and nutritional factors. These factors are responsible for influencing the biological and social determinants of health and disease. The state of human health is an outcome of the interactions between these factors. The study of human health/disease is of paramount importance not only from the academic point of view but it also has immense applications as far as human development is concerned. Its study is of much interest to practitioners of many disciplines like anthropologists, physicians, epidemiologists, ecologists, health care workers, nutritionists, sociologists, and others. This special issue contains 22 papers spread over three units from contributors from varied disciplines from different regions of the world. It is hoped that the wide diversity of subject matter discussed in these chapters will be of much interest to anthropologists, human biologists, medical professionals, health care workers, psychologists and sociologists.