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© Kamla-Raj 2005 Int J Hum Genet, 5(1): 1-10 (2005)
DNA Double Strand Break and Repair: Mechanisms and Involvement in Human Cancer
Shiladitya Sengupta and Susanta Roychoudhury*
Human Genetics and Genomics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C Mullik Road, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
Keywords Double strand break; NHEJ; HR; genome instability; human cancer
ABSTRACT The most frequent damage on a cell is the DNA double-strand break (DSB). This is sensed and repaired by normal cellular DSB response pathways. Depending on the phase of the cell at which the DSB is sensed, there are two different pathways for the repair of this lesion, the non homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair and the homologous recombination (HR) repair. Defects in these sensing and repair pathways leads to no repair or inappropriate/abnormal repair. This causes genome instability that results in different disorders among which cancer is the most significant one. We describe how cells repair DSB and the relationship between the defects in this repair system and cancer.
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